Dyslexia is an inability to
read because of the disruption of brain function in transferring the sequence
of letters into a meaning. There are several types of dyslexia related to brain
disorders experienced dyslexic patients.Dyslexia can be broken down into different subtypes, but
there is no official list of dyslexia types because they can
be classified in different ways.
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TYPES
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DESCRIPTION
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1) Primary
dyslexia
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Ø This type of dyslexia is often
associated with hereditary factors.
The majority of patients with primary dyslexia are men. However, some studies
have shown that in fact dyslexia is carried by the X chromosome present in
the mother, and is recessive.
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2) Secondary
dyslexia
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Ø The types of dyslexic children suffer
from brain damage at a very young age. This brain damage caused him to
read aloud, even though the child was growing up. Dyslexic patients with
secondary dyslexia usually do not have a family history of dyslexic
patients.This type of dyslexia is often caused by interruptions in the
pregnancy process, disorders of the birth process, or the impact that occurs
when the child is still a baby.
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3) Traumatic
dyslexia / Acquired dyslexia
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Ø Usually experienced by adults.
This is due to severe collision or other illness, such as stroke, for
example, which causes injury to the brain so that linguistic function is
disrupted. Traumatic dyslexia sufferers often lose reading ability.
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4) Visual-auditory
dyslexia /
Deep dyslexia
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Ø Difficult reading difficulties are
caused by the inability to process visuals and audio.
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5) Developmental
dyslexia
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Ø This type of dyslexia is usually most
apparent in an academic setting. Developmental dyslexia is not caused by
any type of brain injury or accident and is present since birth.
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6) Surface
dyslexia
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Ø Most often an acquired form of dyslexia
but can be developmental as well. Children with surface dyslexia do not show
significant reading difficulties. This type of dyslexia is associated with
poor processing information in the visual, lexical or direct nerve pathways,
meaning that children can sound words out well, even nonsense words, but
have to split words into fragments or syllables to read the words. It
becomes more troublesome when the words are not in line with the
pronunciation.
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7) Phonological
dyslexia
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Ø Most common type of dyslexia,
synonymous with dyslexia itself. Mainly a developmental type of dyslexia but
in some cases can be an acquired type of dyslexia after a stroke or
Alzheimer's disease. Children with phonological dyslexia experience
extreme difficulty reading long, unfamiliar or, infrequent words. However,
they are able to read correctly familiar words. This type of dyslexia is
associated with poor brain areas associated with processing the sounds of
language, meaning that children with this disorder, often read through
lexical or visual pathways but have trouble with the auditory processing.
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8) Rapid naming
deficit dyslexia
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Ø The person cannot quickly name a
letter or number when they see it.
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9) Double deficit
dyslexia
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Ø The person finds it hard to isolate
sounds also to name letters and numbers.
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